Paulina Markowska

Ctrl+F: Searching for the Perpetrator

The Internet plays a significant role on the geopolitical board. The intelligence services of conflicting countries carry out cyber espionage operations and precisely targeted disinformation attacks. Hackers paid by governments gain access to...

Is the United Kingdom Still a Great Place to Invest?

The UK gave the world the industrial revolution and exported the capitalist model that’s used in almost every country. It was once described as a “nation of shopkeepers”, a term intended as an insult but one very much embraced by the entrepreneurial...

The United States and Sweden during the Cold War: Part 2

In the Cold War period, Sweden had de facto three foreign policy choices. First, to yet again attempt to cooperate with the other Scandinavian states more closely. Second, to join NATO, which would be a rather sudden move. Third, to continue...

U.S.-Poland Nuclear Cooperation

Shortly before the U.S. presidential election in November 2020, back when Donald Trump was in power, Poland and the United States signed a strategic agreement to cooperate on the development of the former country's civil nuclear power program.

U.S. and Sweden in Cold War Era

The period after the end of World War II was a time when European countries had to rebuild damaged economies. Nonetheless, the Swedish economy was soaring...

Nord Stream 2 Divides Europe

Possibly by sending its gas through Ukraine, Russia could refrain from offering more generous support to pro-Kremlin rebel fighters while the Russian-German...

We’ll keep homes supplied if energy firms go bust

In an interview with the BBC, Steve Rosenberg, the network’s Moscow correspondent, quoted a senior Russian official, who claimed that ‘in many ways, the...

US Evacuation from Afghanistan: Haste Makes Waste

August 30, 2021, when the last US Air Force aircraft took off from Kabul airport, marked the end of the nearly two-decade-long US intervention in Afghanistan.

Law Enforcement Versus Cybercrime

Due to the intense activity of cyber criminals, authorities in many countries have long been looking for legal and technological solutions to effectively...

90 Years of the Polish Cipher Bureau

In mid-1931 the Polish Cipher Bureau was formed by the merger of two units dealing with counterintelligence and cryptology – the Radio-Intelligence Office...

Pegasus Affair: Who Was Wiretapped in the Middle East?

The case of Pegasus, an Israeli software that allows various intelligence services in its possession worldwide to infect and take control over almost any...

Illegal Migration: A New Weapon?

After Donald Trump ordered to build his famous wall, illegal traffic dropped by roughly 90 percent between 2019 and 2020 in Yuma, Arizona. It is not an...

European Strategic Autonomy: myth or future reality?

“The strategic independence of Europe is our new common project for this century”: with these words European Council President Charles Michel remarked...

Eastern Europe, Huawei and 5G

The technology advancements of the last decade have transformed the competition between the US and China into a dispute concerning the control over global...